The Armando Ribeiro psychologist analyzes the various aspects of this that is one of the most common health problems in the modern world and alert to the need for changes in lifestyle, challenge of psychotherapy.
Considered one of the most common health problems of the modern world, stress has different possibilities, both with regard to diagnosis and type of treatment - of diseases caused by it and its origins. In assessing the psychologist Armando Ribeiro das Neves Neto, stress is a natural reaction of psychophysiological adaptation in the face of threats. "The stress hormones prepare our body to face danger (real or imagined), but the prolonged activation of this mechanism generates the or , making the body more vulnerable to disease (physical and emotional) and infections" .
Ribeiro coordinates Stress Assessment Program of the Portuguese Charity of St. Paul and St. Joseph Hospital. According to the psychologist, he develops a service-based screening (combination of concepts of Health Psychology, Positive Psychology and Integrative Medicine) of psychological factors and behavioral in the medical. This, in turn, is traditionally focused on clinical and laboratory tests of high complexity, but do not see the subject as a whole.
In its broad curriculum, Ribeiro is a master of Science, an expert on Basis of Integrative Medicine and an expert in Neuropsychology. Has improved in Psycho-Oncology and is a consultant of Emotional Health program, the FoxLife channel. He is a professor of behavioral medicine and clinical postgraduate supervisor in cognitive-behavioral therapy and Behavioral Medicine Unit of the UNIFESP Psychobiology Department.
STRESS CAN BE CONSIDERED ONE OR DISEASE A MOTIVATION FACTOR FOR THE EMERGENCE OF DISEASES, ESPECIALLY AS THAT AFFECT PSYCHOLOGICAL SIDE?
ARMANDO RIBEIRO - Stress is a natural reaction of psychophysiological adaptation in the face of threats. Stress hormones prepare our body to face danger (real or imagined), but the prolonged activation of this mechanism generates the "chronic stress" or "toxic stress" or "distress", making the body more vulnerable to disease (physical and emotional) and infections. Currently, there is a line of research on stress, which advocates the term "allostatic load" to refer to wear the body maintain prolonged production of stress hormones (mainly adrenaline, noradrenaline and cortisol).
YOU DEVELOP A JOB IN PSYCHOTHERAPY FOR DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF ANXIETY, phobias, depression, irritability, INSOMNIA, PANIC AND TRAUMA. ARE THERE ANY RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THESE PROBLEMS AND STRESS?
RIBEIRO - Chronic stress can be the "trigger" for the onset of mental disorders (anxiety, phobias, depression, irritability, insomnia, panic and trauma). It is common, in the office, we hear that before the onset of symptoms of the disease, the patient was at the limit of its capacity to deal with the sources of stress (financial problems, emotional crises, relationship problems at work, work overload) . There is a theory that concerns the relationship between "diástese - stress," that is, our predisposition to disease (diástese) and the trigger "stress" as a way to think of it as a trigger of the most common diseases. Currently, we also recognize the role of stress in epigenetics, ie the influence of chronic stress, is the activation or deactivation of genes that predispose or protect us from diseases.
Didactically, we say that there are external (environmental pollution, foods with pesticides, extreme weather, microorganisms etc.) and internal sources (catastrophic thoughts, pessimism, perfectionism, thought "all or nothing", maladaptive cognitive schemas etc.), which motivate stress
STRESS INTERFERE IN OPERATION OF NEURONS, WHAT WILL HURT THE OPERATION OF A HEALTHY MIND. THESE NEURONS 'bombarded' BY STRESS CAN BE RECOVERED?
RIBEIRO - neuroscientists from Stanford University, the United States, have demonstrated that cortisol can destroy neurons, mainly in the hippocampus (associated with memory). Currently, also found that the toxic stress decreases the function of pre--frontal cortex (responsible for various complex cognitive functions such as attention, learning, planning, cognitive flexibility, etc.), literally toxic stress "off" the prefrontal cortex -frontal and stimulates the activity of the limbic system, increasing their anxiety, fears, phobias and other. Only in recent years has been proven that psychological treatments "anti-stress" can stimulate neurogenesis in 'bombarded' by local stress hormones.
STRESS IS CONSIDERED A PROBLEM OF MODERN LIFE AND THERE ARE MANY DISPUTE AS TO THE REASONS WHICH LEAD TO THAT STATE. TO END THE DOUBTS, DEFINITELY WHAT CAUSES STRESS AND WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS?
RIBEIRO - Didactically, we say that there are external (environmental pollution, foods with pesticides, extreme weather, microorganisms etc.) and internal sources (catastrophic thoughts, pessimism, perfectionism, thought "all or nothing", maladaptive cognitive schemas etc.) . Our society has evolved considerably in terms of control or reduce environmental stress, but little is achieved in terms of children's education or social values that promote human virtues such as resilience, solidarity, compassion, temperance, self-control and so on. In a highly competitive and based on fear society, stress hormones are stimulated early.
Ancient peoples NOT HAD THE TECHNOLOGICAL RESOURCES, COMMUNICATION FORM, TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES, AT LAST, THERE WAS SO MANY OPPORTUNITIES FOR QUALITY OF LIFE FOR, WITH RESPECT TO THE CURRENT SCENARIO. BEFORE, LIFE WAS HARDER, TOWARDS PHYSICAL AS THE WORK WAS IN CROP, cooked WOMEN TO WOOD AND PASSING CLOTHES IN COAL. HOWEVER, NOT LOOKED THE OCCURRENCE AT LEAST IN BIG IMPACT, STRESS AND OTHER SIMILAR PROBLEMS. WHY IT HAPPENS?
RIBEIRO - The medical concept of stress is contemporary (from the twentieth century), but other medical traditions have observed that there would be a general condition which provided the greatest risk of physical and emotional illness. The stress of the study was important precursors. However, studies on the psychological aspects of stress (cognitive model) only gained strength from the studies of Richard Lazarus (1966). We can consider that the stress of the peasant was mainly physical (sun exposure, long hours of manual labor, hunger etc.). Currently, improve our physical condition and did little towards creating more generations "resilient" to social stress, omnipresent in our societies. I believe that the best "vaccine" anti-stress is offered in the early years of life, through structured families, efficient problem-solving models and an emotionally balanced school.
The TERM STRESS became widespread OVER TIME. How to detect it AND HOW YOU CAN GET THE CONCLUSION THAT THE SYMPTOMS ARE A RESULT THIS PROBLEM OR ANY OTHER MENTAL DISORDER OR PARTICULAR PHYSICAL? AND HOW CAN DIFFERENTIATE PATHOLOGICAL OF FATIGUE STRESS, THE Chronic Fatigue?
RIBEIRO - The problem of the term "stress" is that it matched the term "virus" or "psychosomatic illness", ie becomes a meme with own life and indistinct from its original definition. Currently, it is possible to evaluate the level of stress in which they are patients through psychological tests validated by the Psychological Test Evaluation System of the Federal Council of Psychology (SATEPSI - CFP), the psychophysiological assessment (through biofeedback equipment - heart rate variability, galvanic skin resistance etc. / Neurofeedback - brain waves) and also of laboratory tests (cortisol / adrenaline). The evaluation of a skilled health professional is essential to differentiate between pathological conditions. So the approach to stress should be multidisciplinary.
Improve our physical condition and did little towards creating generations more "resilient" to social stress. I believe that the best "vaccine" anti-stress is offered in the early years of life, through structured families, efficient problem-solving models and an emotionally balanced school.
RESEARCH INDICATE THAT FOR EVERY MAN DIAGNOSED, TWO WOMEN IF PROBLEM resent. YOU CAN EXPLAIN DIFFERENCES BETWEEN BOTH WHICH PSYCHOLOGICAL DETERMINING THAT FACT?
RIBEIRO - national and international research has obtained similar results, ie, there is, on average, two women with a diagnosis of chronic stress for each man. The main argument is compared to the multiple roles of women in contemporary society. The overhead of them, who took many roles in life, is one of the main reasons for stress have increased. A Nielsen survey, with 6,500 women from 21 countries, reported that Brazilian occupy the fourth place among the most stressed, with 67% of the surveyed. The first three settings were in India (87%), Mexico (74%) and Russia (69%).
THIS TABLE FOR REPEAT IN RELATION TO CHILDREN? HOW PARENTS AND TEACHERS CAN IDENTIFY THE PROBLEM? MANY TEND TO JUDGE BEHAVIOR AS SOME BREAKFAST, BAD BEHAVIOR ETC. TREATMENT IN TEENS DO DIFFERENT IS MADE IN ADULTS?
RIBEIRO - More and more children and adolescents go to offices (pediatricians and clinical psychologists) with complaints or symptoms of chronic stress. Symptoms of stress in children and adolescents, may be different from those found in adults. The following is a list of top children's symptoms: physical symptoms - diarrhea, stomach ache, headache, nocturnal enuresis, poor appetite, stuttering, hyperactivity, cold and sweaty hands, nausea, grinding of teeth, muscle tension and nervous tic; psychological symptoms - sudden introversion, night terror, aggression, anxiety, hypersensitivity, interpersonal difficulties, nightmares, worry, impatience, insecurity, disobedience, fear or excessive crying.
NO ONE IS STRESSED THE DAY FOR NIGHT. IN PRACTICE, OCCURS A SLOW AND GRADUAL CHANGE IN PERSON. CAN UNDERSTAND AND FIGHT BEFORE PROBLEM HE DEFINITELY BE INSTALLED?
RIBEIRO - Acute stress, which appears in specific situations, it is fast and naturally adaptive, but it is chronic stress worrying experts, because people will ignore the cost to remain tense for a long time, producing toxic loads of stress hormones . In quadrifásico model of stress, we understand that there are four stages of evolution of symptoms: alert phase (cold hands and feet, dry mouth, stomach pain, increased sweating, tension and muscle pain, tightness in the jaw, teeth grinding or chewing nails or the pen tip, transient diarrhea, difficulty sleeping); resistance phase (memory complaints, general ill-being, tingling of the extremities, feeling of physical stress, change in appetite, skin problems, high blood pressure, irritability and decreased sex drive); phase of near-exhaustion (the disease process starts and the agencies that possess greater genetic vulnerability or acquired start to show signs of deterioration); exhaustion phase (frequent diarrhea, sexual difficulties, insomnia, nervous tics, high blood pressure, skin diseases, tachycardia, frequent dizziness, frequent nightmares, apathy, excessive fatigue, irritability and anxiety).
EXPERTS SAY THAT SOME STRESS IN CERTAIN EXTENT IS GOOD, FOR INCREASED PRODUCTIVITY AND STRENGTHEN THE IMMUNE SYSTEM. WHAT YOU THINK OF THIS REVIEW?
RIBEIRO - Be careful! Stress initially (alert phase or "eustress"), leverages the resources of the body, the mind becomes more focused and agile in solving problems, but unfortunately no one is in this state for a long time. There are companies that promote the culture of stress as something positive, more productivity in less time, but ignore the immediate gain will be lost with increased absenteeism due to sick leave, loss of productivity, loss of creativity, increase in the number of accidents at work , increased turnover ...
National and international studies have obtained similar results, ie, there are, on average, two women with a diagnosis of chronic stress for each man. The main argument is compared to the multiple roles of women in contemporary society
PROFESSIONALS unanimously SAY THE REMEDY AGAINST STRESS is CHANGE LIFESTYLE. HOWEVER, IN PRACTICE, THAT IS NOT SO SIMPLE. PEOPLE HAVE A ROUTINE dictated by OBLIGATIONS PROFESSIONAL AND PERSONAL AND NOT ALWAYS POSSIBLE changes -LA, BEYOND THE DIFFICULTIES INHERENT DAILY. DEALING WITH THAT?
RIBEIRO - The lifestyle can be a source of stress, but changing it may initially be even worse. In my opinion, there are easier and more difficult to implement changes in each case. We can create a therapy "anti-stress" more stressful than the life of the patient. My work is mainly focused on the patient becomes aware of his present life. For this, mindfulness practices (mindfulness) are currently the best strategies used in large medical centers, because not impose external changes, but rather that people leave the "auto-pilot" of their lives and return to realize the natural rhythms such as the need to moisturize, deep breathing, rest, sleep etc.
YOU LOOKING FOR STUDY AND APPLY THE POSSIBILITIES OF ASSOCIATION BETWEEN CONVENTIONAL APPROACHES psychotherapeutic AS THERAPY Cognitive-Behavioral, AND ADDITIONAL THERAPY AS ACUPUNCTURE, HYPNOSIS, BIOFEEDBACK, MEDITATION ETC. THESE FORMS OF TREATMENT NOT SUFFER MORE ALTERNATIVE PREJUDICE, ESPECIALLY IN SCIENTIFIC ENVIRONMENT?
RIBEIRO - Complementary therapy has been studied by current scientific Medicine and Psychology. The problem often is not in therapy itself, but on the lack of professionals who implement such approaches. The lack of regulation of training in these therapies, with clear criteria of professional proficiency, a code of ethics and scientific evidence may increase the professional prejudice. But I feel, unfortunately, that prejudice is often higher in associations, regulating health professions than in academia. Some professional advice progress in regulation of such practices, such as the federal Nursing, Physiotherapy, Dentistry and himself Federal Council of Medicine. As for psychology, we have only two specific resolutions, one for the practice of hypnosis and one for Acupuncture (questioned in the Medical Act of the project).
IS THERE A TIME WHEN STRESS NEED TO BE TREATED WITH DRUGS?
RIBEIRO - There is no remedy for stress, but rather for the diseases related to it. Medicate stress would be like turning off an alarm, indicating that we are under imminent threat. It is best to understand the causes and, then yes, modify them. We have official data, which describe a significant increase in sales calming medications (benzodiazepines) and antidepressant, used by the general population, but it is important to understand that they do not address the sources of stress and may mask the discomfort, the result of a negative lifestyle . We are not against medication, but we must recognize that there are abuses in our society.
There are companies that promote the culture of stress as something positive, more productivity in less time, but ignore the immediate gain will be lost with increased absenteeism due to sick leave, loss of productivity, loss of creativity, increase in the number of accidents at work and increased turnover
YOU DO NOT THINK THERE IS A RADICALISM WITH REGARD TO DRUG USE, THAT IS SOME PROFESSIONAL DISPLAY AND OTHER REMEDIES INADVERTANTLY, ONLY, NOT ACCEPT YOUR USE?
RIBEIRO - is one of the complex issues of the current health system, since it involves specialized technical training of 'prescribing' to the interest and pressure of a powerful pharmaceutical industry. I advocate a balanced approach between the precise indication of the drug and enhance the natural healing resources of the patients themselves. Medicines are welcome in a broad program of lifestyle change, but should not replace personal effort for a life with meaning and purpose.
STRESS IS RELATED TO PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY, THAT IS, THERE JOBS MORE SUSCEPTIBLE TO STRESS? IF SO, WHAT WOULD BE?
RIBEIRO - Yes. The occupation can, by itself, represent a major source of stress, such as shown by studies with police and security professionals, flight controllers and bus drivers, executives and entrepreneurs, health professionals, teachers and journalists. It is important to emphasize that in addition to the load of the work itself, the internal sources of stress are key part of this equation. Therefore, observe doctors, the same duty in state of calm and concentration and also those who are burdened with chronic stress.
Source: Journal Psyche and Life Science
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